Since ancient times, "smart craftsmanship" is a description and praise of those masterpieces of handicraft arts and crafts, emphasizing clever ideas and exquisite craftsmanship. As a traditional carving craft, the excellent jade carvings also show the exquisiteness and exquisiteness of the craft. Because of this, they can be passed down from generation to generation.
The style is dignified, the lines are smooth, the carvings are exquisite, and the carvings are subtle... It is one of the indispensable important conditions for the introduction of excellent arts and crafts. Therefore, the artistic conception and connotation of the work can be fully reflected. The emphasis is on the craft, the arts and crafts are inseparable from the craft, especially the exquisite craftsmanship... The development law of the history of arts and crafts also proves this, and the jade carving is not exception.
Of course, compared with other sculptures, jade carving has its own characteristics because of its material characteristics. Judging from the development history of jade culture, jade carving products, whether as practical goods or decorations, among them, the excellent jade carving products that have been passed down to the present, fully demonstrate that the production process has a very important position in the production process of jade carving works.
For example: Hongshan culture jade, Yangshao culture jade, Liangzhu culture jade, Longshan culture jade, until the Spring and Autumn Period, the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, all of which were reproduced with the fineness and exquisiteness of the craft for our descendants. A profound cultural context has created an ancient history of culture, which is a unique history of Chinese jade culture.
Why emphasize the importance of the jade carving process:
1. Reflecting the social culture, thoughts and values ​​at that time through the process
This is also reflected in any art form, and jade carving is no exception. In general, jade articles have evolved from the initial form to the later forms. With the development of social economy and culture and the improvement of production techniques, more advanced values ​​and social ideology have been injected into a cultural carrier.
In the primitive culture, from the Hongshan culture jade to the Liangzhu culture jade, the jade craft and the stone craft are separated, the shapes are diverse, the ornamentation is complex, and the carving process has a Yang line, a Yin line, a flat convex, a hidden Yang line, and a double hook hidden line. There are even hairstains, or simple, or bold, bold and powerful. The depiction of the ornament reflects the dependence of the society on nature and God at that time. The combination of human and God's image seeks to win the natural and avoid disasters.
In the Tang Dynasty, due to the strong prosperity of social culture and the advocacy of Buddhism, the style and ornamentation of jade articles pursued the development of gorgeous and ritual Buddha, and applied other art techniques to the carving of jade. The carving process showed garden carving, openwork and flowers. The birds and beasts are exquisite.
The Song, Liao, and Jin Yuan enriched the theme of fishing, hunting, and shooting.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the intervention of the literati and the intervention of the emperor's aristocrats, the landscape of the jade ornaments appeared in the landscape, poetry, calligraphy and painting, and the ornaments and utensils of the Taiping. The style of jade is changeable, luxurious and complicated, and the carving process has reached the highest peak of history.
2. The jade carving process reflects the technical level and economic development of the society at that time.
In the primitive society, due to the low production level and the backwardness of production technology and tools, jade articles are some small-sized items, and the process is relatively rough. In the feudal society, with the birth of bronzes and irons, people invented and produced all kinds of metal tools, which greatly improved productivity, and at the same time improved the level of production technology, and some large-scale jade carvings appeared. Imagine the above-mentioned outstanding handicrafts of the past dynasties. If there is no such amazing craftsmanship and exquisite decoration, why should we research and understand the society and folk customs at that time?
3, jade carving process reflects the producer's world view
The merits and demerits of the craftsmanship determine the success or failure of the jade carving works. The ancients said: "Jade is not awkward, not a device", a slogan tells the dominance of its jade carving production process. Without "work", there is no "art", no " "Work", there is no way to talk about "art", in terms of carving, "work" has played a major role.
However, there are many conclusions and no conclusions. This is certain, but it must be embarrassing. As for the complexity of the process, the amount is small, not absolute, there is no strict distinction, depending on the material, it varies from person to person. Relatively speaking, there is no standard, and there is no law.
Due to the complexity and variability of life and thought, and in order to satisfy and enrich the various needs of people and society, the way of expression and method of craftsmanship also presents its diversity and complexity, and it is not a single, one-sided of.
At that time, the complexity and sophistication of the craft, and the ideological theme and cultural connotation of the art revealed in the end reflect the comprehensive qualities of the craftsmanship, knowledge and cultivation of the Saitama people, as well as the full rationality of the materials, including the shape, color and texture. Use.
All of this can only be demonstrated and demonstrated through the implementation of the process. Therefore, in the process of making jade carvings, there must be no “workâ€, but more reinforcement. Focusing only on performance materials, and neglecting the expression of ideas and conceptual themes, such works are superficial, lacking in tempering and lacking in scrutiny, lack of vitality, or no vitality at all, and are not worth promoting.
"Art" is the need for people to "work" and the day after day to strengthen and enrich, to achieve the realization, but not simply reappear.
Some of the beautiful forms, the strange shapes of stone and so on, the so-called ghosts, they also have "work", is the natural "work", they have been carved through the long years, from time to time a little bit Carved and shaped. It is still a "work" in it.
Imagine that the collections of the Palace Museum have not had such exquisite craftsmanship, and are they worthy of being alive?
Art works are created by human labor, which carries information about social civilization and development. It is the crystallization of human cultural thoughts, the symbol of social civilization, the wisdom of no one, and the emergence of art.
Artistic reproduction is not a simple problem. Simple crafts are difficult to meet the deep artistic needs. Cultural thoughts should not tend to return to the original. If you pursue the material sense and express the appearance, then the craft will fade, but the delicate and fine The jade carving products will be difficult to carry information about social civilization and human culture.
4, the jade carving craftsmanship is natural, natural and natural
From the perspective of viewing, jade carvings or crafts can be divided into various forms.
One is carved, the theme is clear, and it is clear at a glance. Whoever sees it understands what is being expressed, what subject matter, what thoughts, and only the craft helps us solve the problem of viewing and understanding;
The second type is uncut, naturally forming materials. The raw materials themselves can be ideal collections and ornamentals without any completion. They are imaged and abstract. Most of these varieties are not clear, giving them There are many uncertain factors, revealing the original charm of the species;
The third type is those that are carved and shaped, abstract, and mysterious. They use abstract artistic language to express people's thoughts and consciousness.
As mentioned above, due to the arbitrariness and meaning of such works, it creates different associations and ideas for people's ideas and thinking.
Different forms, different connotations, the same form, and different connotations. Different people will come to different conclusions, and the same person can produce different results. Different time and place can also draw different conclusions.
These should be based on different people's experiences, different cultivations, different angles, different ideas, and different conclusions. Art can make people imagine, and people are unconcerned.
The tendency of art is not clear, the ideological nature is not strong, and the artistic concept is vague. Because of the lack of crafts, abstract things are limited. The artistic concept is unclear, the perception is not strong, the feeling is not profound, and the degree and scope of appreciation. limited.
5. Multi-angle and multi-directional interactive induction of jade carving craft
Or from the "Jade is not awkward, not a device", this word, I think it contains two aspects of meaning, one is carving, using handcuffs, the second is thinking, using thoughts, we often say: "Thinking "Thinking" means this. Only by combining these two points, and through repeated thinking and scrutiny of a piece of jade raw material, and applying exquisite craftsmanship, the artistic aspect of jade carving works may be fully demonstrated.
We will analyze from a relative perspective, the word "ç¢" is relatively ambiguous, the eagle is ç¢, the viewer is ç¢, the word here is not only the problem of the sculpt, but also the soul of the creator and the viewer. Interaction, exchange of ideas between the two sides, emotional communication. At the same time, the mutual thinking and the plot unfolded, and the engraver and the viewer shortened the gap, resonated, and touched the spark of induction...
A curved line can be soft or soft, like a small bridge flowing like a meteor; a radiant surface like a sea, like a clear sky, like a floating yarn, it is also like Towering ice peaks.
All of this can only be felt from the excellent jade carvings with exquisite craftsmanship. The artistic connotation is reproduced by the craft, the craft is rich and the artistic conception is reappeared; the artistic conception and the craftsmanship are perfectly combined to realize and promote the artistic creation. In ancient and modern China and foreign countries, the history of the development of art works shows the same law, and the history of the development of jade culture is no exception.
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